How do I set up a version control system for source control with fine-grained permissions and audit logging?

A solid way to do this is to use Git for version control, plus a platform or service that adds:

• fine-grained access control
• branch protection / code review rules
• audit logging
• optionally SSO / MFA / directory integration

Common setups

1) Self-hosted Git platform

Good if you need full control and strong compliance.

Examples

• GitLab Self-Managed
• Atlassian Bitbucket Data Center
• Gitea / Gogs with extra auth/audit tooling
• Azure DevOps Server in Microsoft environments

Typical components

• Git server
• Authentication via LDAP/Active Directory / SSO / SAML / OIDC
• Repository-level and project-level permissions
• Branch protections
• Audit logs shipped to a SIEM or log server

2) Managed cloud platform

Good if you want less infrastructure work.

Examples

• GitHub Enterprise Cloud
• GitLab SaaS
• Bitbucket Cloud
• Azure DevOps Services

These often provide:

• team and repo permissions
• protected branches
• required reviews
• audit logs
• integration with identity providers

Recommended architecture

For most organizations:

1. Use Git as the VCS
2. Host it on a platform that supports:
   • groups/teams
   • project/repo permissions
   • branch protections
   • merge request / pull request approvals
   • audit logging
3. Connect authentication to:
   • SSO via SAML/OIDC
   • optionally LDAP/Active Directory
4. Send logs to:
   • centralized logging like Splunk, Elastic, Azure Sentinel, or CloudWatch
5. Enforce change controls with:
   • protected main branches
   • required reviews
   • status checks / CI gates
   • signed commits or tags if needed

Fine-grained permissions: what to configure

You usually want permissions at these levels:

• Organization / group
• Project / repository
• Branch
• Role-based actions
  • read
  • write
  • admin
  • merge
  • manage settings
  • manage secrets
  • create tags/releases

Best practice

Use groups/roles, not individual user assignments, wherever possible.

Example:

• Developers: read/write to feature branches, no direct push to main
• Reviewers: approve merges
• Release managers: create tags/releases
• Admins: repo settings
• Auditors: read-only plus log access

Audit logging: what you need

Make sure the system logs events like:

• user login/logout
• repo creation/deletion
• permission changes
• branch protection changes
• pushes and force-pushes
• pull request / merge request approvals
• merge events
• secret or token changes
• webhook/CI changes
• package/release publishing

Important

Audit logs should be:

• tamper-resistant
• retained centrally
• exportable
• ideally searchable in a SIEM

Example implementation: GitLab Self-Managed

If you want strong permissions and auditing, GitLab is a common choice.

Steps

1. Deploy GitLab on-prem or in a private cloud
2. Integrate authentication with SAML/OIDC/LDAP
3. Create top-level groups for departments or applications
4. Assign group roles:
   • Guest / Reporter / Developer / Maintainer / Owner
5. Protect branches like main and release/*
6. Require:
   • merge requests only
   • approvals from specific roles
   • successful CI pipeline
   • no direct pushes
7. Enable audit event collection
8. Forward logs to a centralized logging platform

Example implementation: GitHub Enterprise

If you prefer GitHub:

1. Use GitHub Enterprise Cloud
2. Connect to your identity provider with SAML SSO
3. Organize access via organizations and teams
4. Configure:
   • repository permissions
   • branch protection rules
   • required reviews
   • required status checks
5. Enable audit log streaming to SIEM/log storage
6. Use GitHub Apps for controlled automation instead of personal tokens

Security best practices

• Require MFA
• Use SSO
• Avoid shared accounts
• Use least privilege
• Disable direct pushes to protected branches
• Require pull/merge requests
• Require code owners for sensitive paths
• Use short-lived credentials where possible
• Rotate tokens and keys
• Monitor and alert on:
  • permission changes
  • force pushes
  • branch protection changes
  • failed auth spikes
• Back up repositories and metadata

If you want the simplest answer

If you need a practical, modern setup:

• Git
• GitLab Enterprise or GitHub Enterprise
• SSO with LDAP/SAML/OIDC
• branch protection + mandatory reviews
• audit log streaming to SIEM

If you want, I can also give you:

1. a step-by-step setup guide for GitLab, GitHub Enterprise, or Bitbucket, or
2. a reference architecture diagram for an on-prem or cloud deployment.